Breakup of Liquid Jets

For fundamental analysis of the transport of mass or heat in a dispersed system, accurate knowledge of behavior of jet is prerequisite. For generation of high interfacial area breaking of liquid jet in to small droplet is necessary. Liquid jet breakup is a complex phenomenon and dependent on many factors like velocity of jet, pressure difference, geometry of nozzle, temperature of both fluid, properties of fluid like their density, viscosity ,surface tension, vapor pressure etc. Here different characteristics of jet are discussed. The most important parameter for this phenomenon is the Weber number (We) calculated from the diameter of the large structures. Indeed, the main parameters that can affect the secondary atomization are acceleration of drop by external flow, shear due to the differential speed between liquid and gas and surface tension. In this paper different aspect of jet behavior like jet length, flow regions of free turbulent jet, types of jet disintegration, effect of different variables on liquid jet breakup, etc. are discussed. The major factors which affect the characteristics of jet are viscosity of liquid, turbulence and environmental pressure. The effect of oscillating pressure and cavitations are also discussed. In this paper an attempt is made to present a literature survey on jet breakup.